Quality-driven: classic software design approaches (e.g. These separate descriptions are called architectural views (see for example the 4+1 architectural view model). Architecture documentation shows that all stakeholder concerns are addressed by modeling and describing the architecture from separate points of view associated with the various stakeholder concerns. Separation of concerns: the established way for architects to reduce complexity is to separate the concerns that drive the design. : 29–31 This implies that architecture involves dealing with a broad variety of concerns and stakeholders, and has a multidisciplinary nature. Balancing these concerns and demonstrating that they are addressed is part of designing the system. These stakeholders all have their own concerns with respect to the system. Multitude of stakeholders: software systems have to cater to a variety of stakeholders such as business managers, owners, users, and operators. Software architecture exhibits the following: They are all part of a "chain of intentionality" from high-level intentions to low-level details. There is no sharp distinction between software architecture versus design and requirements engineering (see Related fields below). This insight has led to substantial research into software architecture knowledge management. A set of architectural design decisions: software architecture should not be considered merely a set of models or structures, but should include the decisions that lead to these particular structures, and the rationale behind them.Following this line of thought, architectural design issues may become non-architectural once their irreversibility can be overcome. Things that people perceive as hard to change: since designing the architecture takes place at the beginning of a software system's lifecycle, the architect should focus on decisions that "have to" be right the first time.That which is fundamental to understanding a system in its environment.The important stuff-whatever that is: this refers to the fact that software architects should concern themselves with those decisions that have high impact on the system and its stakeholders.Macroscopic system structure: this refers to architecture as a higher-level abstraction of a software system that consists of a collection of computational components together with connectors that describe the interaction between these components.Opinions vary as to the scope of software architectures: : 29–35 Software architecture activities Scope Additionally, to satisfy the need for reliability the choice could be made to have multiple redundant and independently produced copies of the program, and to run these copies on independent hardware while cross-checking results.ĭocumenting software architecture facilitates communication between stakeholders, captures early decisions about the high-level design, and allows reuse of design components between projects. Therefore, an appropriate real-time computing language would need to be chosen. Software architecture choices include specific structural options from possibilities in the design of the software.įor example, the systems that controlled the Space Shuttle launch vehicle had the requirement of being very fast and very reliable. Software architecture is about making fundamental structural choices that are costly to change once implemented. Whilst application design focuses on the design of the processes and data supporting the required functionality (the services offered by the system), software architecture design focuses on designing the infrastructure within which application functionality can be realized and executed such that the functionality is provided in a way which meets the system's non-functional requirements. Software architecture design is commonly juxtaposed with software application design. It functions as the blueprints for the system and the development project, which project management can later use to extrapolate the tasks necessary to be executed by the teams and people involved. The architecture of a software system is a metaphor, analogous to the architecture of a building. Each structure comprises software elements, relations among them, and properties of both elements and relations. Software architecture is the set of structures needed to reason about a software system and the discipline of creating such structures and systems.
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